Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell , Osteomyelitis , Salmonella Infections , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/etiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Humans , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Salmonella , Salmonella Infections/complications , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Upper ExtremitySubject(s)
COVID-19/parasitology , Coinfection/diagnosis , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Animals , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , Coinfection/parasitology , Coinfection/virology , Feces/parasitology , Humans , Larva , Male , Middle Aged , Serologic Tests , Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy , Strongyloidiasis/virologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the main clinical characteristics and outcome measures in hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to geographical area of origin. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 at a referral centre in Madrid, Spain, during March-May 2020 was performed. Recorded variables (age, gender, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, outcome), and geographical area of origin were compared for Europeans and non-Europeans (Latin Americans, Asians and Africans). RESULTS: In total, 2345 patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized during the study period were included in the study. Of these, 1956 (83.4%) were European and 389 (16.6%) were non-European (of whom over 90%, 354/389, were Latin American). Non-Europeans were significantly younger than Europeans (mean 54 (SD 13.5) versus 70.4 (SD 15.1) years, p < 0.001); the majority were male (1420/2345, 60.6%), with no significant differences in gender between Europeans and non-Europeans (1197/1956 (61.2%) male in the European group versus 223/389 (57.3%) male in the non-European group, p 0.15). In-hospital mortality overall was higher in Europeans (443/1956, 22.7%) than in non-Europeans (40/389, 10.3%) (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.88). Non-Europeans were more frequently admitted to ICU (71/389, 18.3%) compared with Europeans (187/1956, 9.6%) (p < 0.001) and a difference in ICU admission rate was also found when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in mortality were observed between Europeans and non-Europeans (mainly Latin Americans), but an increase in ICU admission rate was found in non-Europeans.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/ethnology , Adolescent , Adult , Africa/ethnology , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asia/ethnology , COVID-19/mortality , Child , Comorbidity , Europe/epidemiology , Female , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Latin America/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Young AdultSubject(s)
COVID-19 , Malaria/diagnosis , Plasmodium ovale/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2 , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fever/etiology , Humans , Malaria/complications , Malaria/parasitology , Male , Nigeria , Senegal , Spain , Travel-Related Illness , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The alarming number of confirmed COVID-19 cases put a strain on the healthcare systems, which had to reallocate human and technical resources to respond to the emergency. Many urologists became integrated into multidisciplinary teams, dealing with this respiratory illness and its unknown management. It aims to summarize the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostical, and therapeutical characteristics of COVID-19, from a practical perspective, to ease COVID-19 management to non-physician staff. RECENT FINDINGS: We performed a narrative review of the literature regarding COVID-19, updated to May 8th, 2020, at PubMed and COVID resource platforms of the main scientific editorials. COVID-19, characterized by fever, myalgias, dyspnea, and dry cough, varies widely from asymptomatic infection to death. Arrhythmias and thrombotic events are prevalent. Lymphopenia and inflammatory reactant elevation on laboratory, as well as bilateral and peripheral ground-glass opacities or consolidations on X-Ray, are usually found in its assessment. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 immunology. To date, no therapy has demonstrated efficacy in COVID-19. Of-level or compassionate-use therapies are prescribed in the context of clinical trials. We should become familiar with specific adverse events and pharmacological interactions. The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed the urological activity, and its long-term consequences are unpredictable. Despite not being used to deal with respiratory diseases, the urologists become easily qualified to manage COVID-19 by following protocols and being integrated into multidisciplinary teams, helping to overcome the pandemic.